What is cryptography?

Cryptography, also known as cryptology, is the process of writing and solving information in code. It converts data into an unreadable format, allowing important information to be transferred or transmitted without unauthorized users being able to gain access. Often, a key is needed to decrypt the code to ensure messages maintain integrity. Cryptography is also used to verify the sender as only they know how to break the code. Many security systems utilize cryptography for privacy and confidentiality.