What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is a branch of biotechnology that involves directly manipulating an organism's DNA to alter its characteristics or introduce new traits. Scientists use various techniques, such as CRISPR or recombinant DNA technology, to add, remove, or modify specific genes within an organism. This technology is widely used in agriculture to create genetically modified crops, in medicine for gene therapy, and in research for understanding gene functions. Genetic engineering has the potential to address challenges in food production, disease treatment, and industrial biotechnology, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns.