A clinical fellow is a medical doctor who has completed their degree and general residency program and is now training in a health specialty, such as cardiology or oncology. Becoming a clinical fellow is the next step in establishing a specialization in your medical career. This additional year or more of education gives you a chance to conduct research and learn the skills of your specialty from physicians with experience in the field. Your job duties include examining and treating patients, completing patient charts, performing medical procedures, and researching information relevant to your specialty.