What is a monarch?

A monarch is a sovereign head of state, typically a king, queen, emperor, or empress, who holds a hereditary position of authority within a monarchy. Monarchs may serve as ceremonial figureheads or wield significant political power, depending on the country's system of governance. In constitutional monarchies, their role is largely symbolic, whereas in absolute monarchies, they may have substantial control over government affairs. Monarchs often represent national unity and continuity, performing duties such as attending state functions, conferring honors, and upholding traditions.