What is firmware engineering?

Firmware engineering is the process of designing, developing, testing, and maintaining the low-level software that controls and interacts with hardware devices. Firmware sits between the hardware and higher-level software, enabling the hardware to function correctly and efficiently. Firmware engineers often work with embedded systems, microcontrollers, and specialized hardware across industries such as consumer electronics, automotive, and industrial equipment. Their work ensures that devices operate reliably and can be updated or improved over time.