What is emphysema?

Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that is part of a group of diseases known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It involves damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, which makes it difficult for the body to get enough oxygen. The main cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants, such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or chemical fumes. Symptoms often include shortness of breath, chronic cough, and difficulty exercising. Treatment can help manage symptoms but cannot reverse the lung damage.