What challenges do Core Java developers face when working on large-scale enterprise applications?

Core Java developers working on large-scale enterprise applications often encounter challenges such as managing complex codebases, ensuring thread safety in concurrent environments, and optimizing application performance. They may also need to integrate with legacy systems and maintain code readability for long-term support. Collaborating effectively with cross-functional teams, including QA, DevOps, and business analysts, is essential to meet project goals and maintain high software quality.