What are complex networks?

Complex networks are interconnected systems characterized by non-trivial topological features, such as irregular patterns of connections and dynamic interactions among their elements. Examples include social networks, biological networks, transportation networks, and the internet. Researchers study complex networks to understand how their structure affects function, robustness, and the spread of information or diseases. This field combines tools from mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering to model, analyze, and predict the behavior of real-world networks.