What is compiler design?

Compiler design is the field of computer science and engineering that focuses on creating compilers, which are specialized programs that translate code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language, typically machine code or an intermediate language. The process involves several stages, such as lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation. Compiler design plays a crucial role in software development by improving code efficiency and enabling portability across different hardware architectures.