A moonlighting physician is a licensed doctor who takes on additional work outside their primary job, often to gain extra income or experience. These roles can be part-time, per diem, or temporary and may include working in urgent care, telemedicine, hospitals, or clinics. Moonlighting is common among residents, fellows, and fully licensed physicians who want to supplement their earnings. However, residents must check their program’s policies and duty hour restrictions before taking on extra work.