Neonatologists are medical doctors who specialize in treating newborns with complex health conditions. These conditions include preterm birth with underdeveloped organs, serious injuries that occurred during labor, and life-threatening illnesses that require treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Communicating with parents to help alleviate some of their stress and to provide realistic expectations are essential parts of this job. Your other duties include collaborating with other physicians, nurses, and medical staff to determine the best treatment plans for your patients, and documenting the care they receive in their medical charts.