A moonlighting job for a medical resident is a secondary, part-time job that they perform in addition to their residency position. As a medical resident, you can undertake a moonlighting job to gain additional exposure and experience in your area of specialization. Your duties and responsibilities, as well as the number of patients you see each shift, vary depending on where you work. Opportunities to work outside regular hours exist in urgent care clinics or hospitals. You can also work during holidays or on weekends. Some moonlighting jobs are locum tenens positions, which means you fill in temporarily for full-time staff.