A health science specialist is a person that can perform many different roles in the medical field, such as laboratory research, genetic studies, disease investigation, and new treatment studies. As a health science specialist, you are more concerned with how to perform health care treatment than with actually treating patients. You may work in clinical studies, public health initiatives, and medical advancement efforts. The research you do as a health science specialist is critical for doctors and nurses to have the latest, proven methods of treating patients and diagnosing diseases. The qualifications for this career vary significantly by field, but research experience and basic lab skills are always required to complete your duties.