An earth science teacher helps students with the study of earth science. Your job duties and responsibilities include providing instruction about geology, nature, the environment, meteorology, oceans and bodies of water, and other related subjects. Depending on the class, you may also teach students about planets and the solar system. An earth science teacher may perform research. Research may be a significant aspect of a science teacher’s career if you teach at a university level. At all levels, an earth science teacher needs to design a curriculum and write exams.